Cultural etiquette 101: do’s and don’ts around the world

Travel isn’t just about seeing new places—it’s about understanding them. Cultural etiquette is the invisible language that shapes how people interact, express respect, and build trust.

Whether you're navigating a bustling market in Marrakech or attending a tea ceremony in Kyoto, knowing the local do’s and don’ts can transform your experience from transactional to meaningful.

Why Cultural Etiquette Is Essential for Respectful Travel

Cultural etiquette reflects a society’s values, history, and social norms. Ignoring it can lead to awkward moments—or worse, offense. But when travellers take time to learn and adapt, they signal humility and genuine interest.

As travel educator Nomadic Matt puts it, “Cultural sensitivity is one of the most overlooked aspects of travel, yet one of the most important.” Respectful behaviour opens doors to deeper conversations, local hospitality, and authentic experiences.

Greetings: First Impressions That Matter

Greetings vary dramatically across cultures. In Japan, bowing is a sign of respect, with the depth of the bow indicating formality. In France, a simple “Bonjour” before any request is considered polite and essential. In India, “Namaste” is both a greeting and a spiritual gesture.

Avoid assuming handshakes are universal. In Thailand, the “wai” gesture—palms pressed together—is preferred. In many Middle Eastern cultures, greetings are warm and extended, often involving inquiries about family and health. Physical contact between genders may be discouraged, so wait for cues from locals.

For a global overview of greeting customs, Culture Trip offers a helpful breakdown.

Dining Etiquette: More Than Just Table Manners

Food is a gateway to culture, but dining customs vary widely. In Japan, never stick chopsticks upright in rice—it resembles a funeral ritual. In Ethiopia, meals are shared from a communal plate, and using your right hand is expected. In Italy, ordering a cappuccino after 11 a.m. is considered unusual, as locals associate it with breakfast.

Tipping norms also differ. In the United States, tipping is expected and often essential. In Japan and South Korea, tipping can be seen as rude. In many European countries, a service charge is included, but rounding up is appreciated.

For region-specific dining etiquette, World Nomads provides a comprehensive guide.

Dress Codes: Respecting Local Norms

Dress codes communicate respect and cultural awareness. In religious or conservative countries, modest attire is expected—especially in places of worship. In the UAE, covering shoulders and knees is standard. In Cambodia and Thailand, temple visits require covered arms and legs.

Even in secular settings, fashion norms vary. In South Korea, bare shoulders may be frowned upon, while short skirts are common. In rural Latin America, traditional dress codes reflect community values.

For practical advice on dressing respectfully, The Broke Backpacker offers region-specific tips.

Gestures and Body Language: What Not to Do

Gestures can be powerful—and problematic. A thumbs-up may be positive in the West but offensive in parts of the Middle East. Pointing with your feet is disrespectful in Southeast Asia. Touching someone’s head, even affectionately, is taboo in Buddhist cultures.

Eye contact varies too. In Western cultures, it’s seen as confident. In some Asian cultures, prolonged eye contact can be perceived as aggressive. Personal space expectations differ—Latin American cultures may be more physically expressive, while Northern Europeans often prefer more distance.

For a visual breakdown of gestures to avoid, BBC Travel explores common body language pitfalls.

Religious Etiquette: Navigating Sacred Spaces

Religion shapes many aspects of etiquette. When visiting temples, mosques, churches, or shrines, follow local protocols—this may include removing shoes, covering your head, or maintaining silence. In Islamic countries, avoid eating or drinking in public during Ramadan. In Hindu temples, leather items may be prohibited.

Photography in sacred spaces should be approached with caution. Even if allowed, ask first and avoid interrupting rituals. In some places, photographing religious icons or ceremonies is strictly forbidden.

For guidance on respectful travel in religious settings, Responsible Travel offers ethical advice.

Everyday Etiquette: Social Norms in Public Life

Social norms govern how people queue, speak, and behave in public. In Japan and the UK, queuing is a deeply ingrained practice. In Italy or India, lines may be more fluid. Noise levels vary—what’s considered lively in one culture may be disruptive in another.

Public displays of affection, smoking, and even chewing gum can be regulated. In Singapore, chewing gum is banned in public spaces. In many Middle Eastern countries, public affection between couples is discouraged.

For country-specific etiquette guides, Expatica offers detailed insights into social behaviour across cultures.

Creators Who Champion Cultural Sensitivity

Learning from travellers who prioritize cultural respect can be transformative. These creators offer nuanced perspectives and practical advice:

• Evita Robinson, founder of Nomadness Travel Tribe, advocates for inclusive travel and cultural immersion through storytelling and community building.

• Oneika Raymond shares insights on navigating cultural differences as a solo female traveller, with reflections on race, privilege, and etiquette abroad.

• The Altruistic Traveler explores ethical tourism and cultural sensitivity, with guides on engaging respectfully with local communities.

• The Culture Trip curates articles and videos that highlight traditions, taboos, and etiquette across continents.

These voices bring depth and authenticity to the conversation around respectful travel.

Preparing Before You Go

Cultural etiquette isn’t something you learn on arrival—it’s something you research in advance. Before traveling, read destination-specific guides, watch videos from local creators, and follow bloggers who prioritize cultural awareness. Learn key phrases, understand basic gestures, and observe how locals behave.

Apps like Culture Smart and TripLingo offer country-specific etiquette tips and language tools. Even a few minutes of preparation can make a significant difference.

Final Thoughts: Travel as Connection

Cultural etiquette is not a checklist—it’s a mindset. It’s about approaching each destination with humility, curiosity, and a willingness to learn. The do’s and don’ts may vary, but the underlying principle remains the same: respect.

By observing, asking, and adapting, travellers can build bridges instead of barriers. Whether you’re sharing a meal in Morocco, attending a wedding in India, or hiking through Peru, etiquette shapes the quality of your experience. It turns travel into connection—and connection into understanding.