Zanzibar, an archipelago located off the coast of Tanzania in East Africa, is renowned for its stunning white sandy beaches, rich cultural heritage, and crystal-clear turquoise waters. Often referred to as the "Spice Island" due to its historic spice trade, Zanzibar offers a blend of natural beauty, historical intrigue, and vibrant local culture.
The main island, Unguja, is home to the capital city, Zanzibar City, and its historic heart, Stone Town, a UNESCO World Heritage site. With its warm hospitality and laid-back vibe, Zanzibar is an idyllic destination for travellers seeking both relaxation and adventure.
A Brief History
Zanzibar traces its origins to early Swahili settlements along the East African coast, shaped by trade with Arab, Persian, and Indian merchants from as early as the 10th century. Its strategic location made it a hub for commerce in spices, ivory, and slaves.
In the 17th century, Zanzibar came under Omani rule, becoming the seat of the Sultan of Oman in the 19th century. The island flourished as the world’s leading clove producer, while its Stone Town grew into a cosmopolitan centre of trade and culture.
By the late 19th century, Zanzibar became a British protectorate, with colonial powers influencing its governance and economy. The archipelago gained independence in 1963, briefly existing as a sovereign state before merging with Tanganyika in 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanzania.
Today, Zanzibar is celebrated for its UNESCO‑listed Stone Town, spice plantations, and pristine beaches, blending African, Arab, and Indian influences into a unique cultural identity.
For more, see Zanzibar on Wikipedia.
Zanzibar, Tanzania
Attractions and Activities
Stone Town
A UNESCO World Heritage Site, Stone Town is a maze of narrow streets lined with carved wooden doors, historic mosques, and bustling markets. It reflects centuries of Swahili, Arab, Indian, and European influences.
House of Wonders (Beit el‑Ajaib)
Built in 1883 as a ceremonial palace for the Sultan, this landmark is one of Stone Town’s most iconic buildings. Though currently under restoration, it remains a symbol of Zanzibar’s rich history.
Old Fort (Ngome Kongwe)
Constructed by the Omanis in the 17th century, the Old Fort is the oldest building in Stone Town. Today it hosts cultural events, shops, and exhibitions, blending history with contemporary life.
Spice Plantations
Zanzibar is famous for its cloves, nutmeg, cinnamon, and vanilla. Guided tours of spice farms offer insight into the island’s agricultural heritage and provide a sensory experience of its “Spice Island” identity.
Prison Island (Changuu Island)
Located just off Stone Town, this island was once used to house rebellious slaves. Today it is home to giant Aldabra tortoises and offers snorkelling opportunities in surrounding waters.
Jozani Chwaka Bay National Park
This protected reserve is home to the rare red colobus monkey, mangrove forests, and diverse birdlife. Guided walks highlight Zanzibar’s unique biodiversity.
Nungwi Beach
One of Zanzibar’s most popular beaches, Nungwi offers white sands, turquoise waters, and vibrant nightlife. It’s ideal for swimming, diving, and coastal relaxation.
Kendwa Beach
Known for its calm tides and lively atmosphere, Kendwa is perfect for sunbathing, water sports, and enjoying beach parties that often last into the night.
Culture
Arts and Performance Spaces
Zanzibar’s cultural scene is anchored by Stone Town’s Old Fort, which hosts exhibitions, theatre, and music events. The House of Wonders and local galleries showcase Swahili heritage, Arab influences, and maritime history, while community spaces highlight traditional dance and storytelling.
Live Music and Local Sound
Zanzibar is renowned for Taarab music, blending Swahili poetry with Arab and Indian melodies. Contemporary genres such as Bongo Flava and Afro‑fusion thrive alongside traditional drumming and folk performances. Local venues and festivals keep the island’s soundscape vibrant and diverse.
Culinary Diversity
Zanzibar’s food scene is rich and aromatic, with staples like pilau, biryani, and seafood dishes flavoured with cloves, cinnamon, and coconut. Street vendors serve snacks such as urojo (Zanzibar mix soup) and grilled skewers, while restaurants offer both Swahili specialities and international cuisine.
Festivals and Cultural Events
Annual events such as the Zanzibar International Film Festival (ZIFF) showcase cinema, music, and cultural performances, celebrating the island’s creative industries. The Mwaka Kogwa festival, rooted in Persian tradition, features rituals, dance, and community gatherings, blending heritage with contemporary entertainment.
Best Time to Visit
Zanzibar is a year‑round destination, but the cooler dry season from June to October offers the most comfortable weather for sightseeing, beach holidays, and cultural exploration. Each season brings its own rhythm and flavour.
Spring (March to May)
Spring in Zanzibar is warm and humid, with the long rains refreshing spice plantations and coastal greenery. It’s a quieter time to explore Stone Town or enjoy less crowded beaches.
Summer (June to August)
Summer marks the dry season, with pleasant temperatures and clear skies. It’s ideal for beach holidays at Nungwi or Kendwa, snorkelling in coral reefs, and spice farm tours.
Autumn (September to November)
Autumn brings rising humidity and short rains, but it remains lively for cultural exploration. The Mwaka Kogwa festival often takes place during this period, showcasing rituals, dance, and community traditions.
Winter (December to February)
Winter is hot and sunny, with high humidity and vibrant coastal life. It’s perfect for swimming, diving, and enjoying Zanzibar’s nightlife. Holiday celebrations and festivals add to the island’s energetic atmosphere, making this a popular time for visitors.
Suggested Itinerary
Day 1
Morning: Begin in Stone Town, exploring its maze of narrow streets, carved wooden doors, and historic mosques. Visit the Old Fort and House of Wonders to understand Zanzibar’s layered past.
Afternoon: Stroll through Darajani Market to experience local life, then take a guided tour of a nearby spice plantation to learn about cloves, cinnamon, and nutmeg.
Evening: Dine at a rooftop restaurant in Stone Town, sampling Swahili dishes such as pilau or seafood curries, while overlooking the Indian Ocean.
Day 2
Morning: Take a boat trip to Prison Island (Changuu Island) to see giant Aldabra tortoises and enjoy snorkelling in clear waters.
Afternoon: Head to Nungwi Beach for swimming, sunbathing, or diving. Resorts and cafés nearby offer relaxation and coastal views.
Evening: Experience Zanzibar’s nightlife with live music at a beach lounge or enjoy dinner in a seaside restaurant.
Day 3
Morning: Explore Jozani Chwaka Bay National Park, home to the rare red colobus monkey and mangrove forests.
Afternoon: Visit the Namibian Craft Centre equivalent in Zanzibar the Cultural Arts Centre in Stone Town to see traditional crafts, jewellery, and performances, supporting local artisans.
Evening: Wrap up your trip with dinner in Stone Town, enjoying biryani or other Swahili specialities, and reflect on Zanzibar’s blend of heritage and tropical island life.
Local Tips
Rise with the Island
Start your day early to enjoy cooler temperatures and quieter streets in Stone Town before the midday heat.
Stay Cool and Hydrated
Carry water when exploring spice farms or beaches. Fresh coconut juice and tropical fruit smoothies are widely available from local vendors.
Dress with Respect
Light clothing works well in the tropical climate, but modest attire is appreciated in mosques and historic sites. A shawl or wrap is useful for evenings.
Honour Local Traditions
Stone Town’s mosques, palaces, and markets hold deep cultural significance. Always ask before taking photos and follow posted guidelines.
Taste the Spice Island
Try pilau, biryani, and seafood curries flavoured with cloves and cinnamon. Street snacks like urojo (Zanzibar mix) and grilled skewers are local favourites.
Shop Consciously
Markets and craft centres offer handmade souvenirs. Buying directly from artisans supports livelihoods and preserves traditional skills.
Offer Small Gestures
Tipping isn’t mandatory but is welcomed in restaurants, taxis, and tours. A small amount is appreciated.
Protect Against the Sun
Sunglasses, sunscreen, and a hat are essentials for beach days or spice farm tours.
Connect with People
Zanzibaris are warm and proud of their heritage. Conversations in markets or cafés often lead to memorable encounters and insider recommendations.
Travel Tips
Emergency Services
In case of emergency, dial 112 for police, ambulance, or fire services. Response times can vary, so it’s helpful to know the location of nearby clinics or hospitals such as Mnazi Mmoja Hospital in Stone Town and private facilities like Tasakhtaa Global Hospital, both commonly used by travellers.
Nearest Train Station
Zanzibar does not have a train system. Instead, transport is provided by dala‑dalas (shared minibuses), taxis, and private cars. Ferries connect Zanzibar to Dar es Salaam and other coastal cities.
Nearest Airport
Abeid Amani Karume International Airport (ZNZ) is Zanzibar’s main airport, located about 5 km south of Stone Town. It offers domestic and international flights, with access to taxis, shuttle services, and car rentals. Facilities include lounges, duty‑free shopping, currency exchange, and SIM card kiosks on arrival.
Ferry Connections
Zanzibar’s ferry terminal in Stone Town is a major hub, with regular services to Dar es Salaam and nearby islands. Travellers should book tickets in advance and check schedules, as crossings can be affected by weather.
Commonly Asked Questions
Q: What is the best time of year to visit Zanzibar?
A: The cooler dry season from June to October is most comfortable for beach holidays and sightseeing, though Zanzibar is a year‑round destination.
Q: What are must‑visit attractions in Zanzibar?
A: Highlights include Stone Town, spice plantations, Prison Island, Jozani Chwaka Bay National Park, and beaches such as Nungwi and Kendwa.
Q: Is Zanzibar family‑friendly?
A: Yes — families enjoy Prison Island with its giant tortoises, spice tours, and calm beaches, which offer safe and accessible activities.
Q: What are the best outdoor activities in Zanzibar?
A: Popular options include snorkelling, diving, spice farm tours, walking in Jozani Forest, and exploring Stone Town’s historic streets.
Q: How can I get around Zanzibar?
A: Transport is provided by taxis, dala‑dalas (shared minibuses), and private cars. Ferries connect Zanzibar to Dar es Salaam, while Abeid Amani Karume International Airport offers domestic and international flights.
Zanzibar, with its captivating blend of history, culture, and natural beauty, offers an unforgettable travel experience. From its stunning beaches to its vibrant markets and rich cultural heritage, there's something for every traveller. So pack your bags and get ready to explore the enchanting archipelago of Zanzibar, Tanzania!
Happy travels! 🌍✈️
